jackson



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

, W. M. JACKSON.

-MBGHANISM FOR UTILI'ZING AND GONTROLLING HYDRODYNAMIC FORGES.

No. 888,887. Patented June 5, 1888.

MT mi i um u (No Moaei.) 2 sheets-sheet 2. l

' W. M. JACKSON. MECHANISM FOR UTILIZING AND ONTROLLING HYDRODYNAMC FORCES.

No. 383,887. Patented June 5, 1888:.

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TWALTER MARSH JACKSON, OF N EW YORK, N. Y.

MECHANISM FOR UTILIZING AND CONTROLLING HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES.

SPECIFICATICN zcrming part of Letters Patent No. 383,887, dated June 5, 1888.

.Application filed August 4, 1887.

T0 @ZZ zutom, it may concern:

Beit known that I, WALTER MARSH J Acri- SON, of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mechanism for Utilizing and Controlling Hydrodynamic Forces; and I do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled 1n the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

l'VIy invention relates to an improved mechanism -For utilizing and controlling hydrodynamic forces. i

The object is to provide novel mechanism by which said mechanism may be moved or locked in any desired position to counteract opposing forces or resistanees, thus becoming dynamic or static at will, producing a double function, and for a proper designation of which I emV` ploy the term hydrodynamic Vith these ends in view, my invention consists in combining hydraulic and hydrostatic forces for the purpose of creating and maintaining mechanical motions and effects. It is evident that a combination of this character may be employed for many purposes;` hence I do not limit myself to any single or specific selection; but to make my invention clearly understood I will describe and illustrate by drawings the same for steering a vessel.

For most effective action, and where it is necessary that the static condition be absolute and positively static, I rely upon the employment of fluids which are practically incompressible; but in using the word Huids I intend the same in its broadest sense, since my invention is operative for certain purposes when elastic iiuids-such as steam, atmospheric air, and others-are employed; but inelastic iuids are far preferable-such as water, oil, or mixtures of glycerine and water. Vhen the lluid employed is incompressible, it becomes practically its own governor of the desired static condition, and where the uid employed is elastic a mechanical device in some t'orm of rigid lock must be used `to secure such static state.

Water is the best Iiuid which can be used for all seasons of the year, except, possibly, during cold weather, when the same might Serial No. 246,141. (No model.)

congeal. Oil or a mixture of glycerine and water could be substituted and thus obviate this difficulty.

Having selected water as the fluid to be employed in this instance, I will proceed to describe my invention.

In the accompanying drawings,Figure 1 repD resents my improved mechanism applied to a vessel. Fig. 2 is a plan view of my device, showing the stern-cylindcr and its doublcheaded plunger in longitudinal horizontal sec tion. Fig. 3 shows a cylinder and its doubleheaded plunger in longitudinal vertical section. Fig. 4 shows my port compound valve closed in horizontal section, taken through its inlet or supply port, and showing by dotted lines its outer or exhaust port beneath. Fig. 5 shows my starboard compound valve closed in horizont-al section, taken through its inlet or supply port, and showing by dotted lines its outlet or exhaust port beneath. Fig. 6 shows my starboard and port duplex valves closed in hori zontal section, taken through the ports. Fig. 7 shows a longitudinal vertical central section ofa compound valve, drawn with the supply or inlet port open and the outlet or exhaust port closed, also showing the independent supply and exhaust conduits and the combined supply and discharge cond uit. Fig. 8 shows my cylinder and plunger attached to a lever or tiller for changing the direction of ajet of water, the vessel being steered or propelled by means of such jet. Fig. 9 shows my cylinder and plunger attached to a lever for changing the direction of a jet of water, the vessel being stopped, backed, or guided by means of such jet.

I attach to an ordinary boiler or other source of power, in this case a steamboiler, (represented by letter A in Fig. 1,) any suitable water-forcing device, simple, compound, ortripleA expansion, in this case a simple piston stcampump, B. The suctionpipe of the pump may open directly i nto the water which iioats the vessel, or it may open into a tank which communicates with said water, or into a tank, D, which does not communicate with the outside water. The water after leaving the pump through pipe E enters the receiver F at or near its base, at point H, and escapes by means of an exit, I, also located at or near its base. The

ICO

receiver is made of any suitable material, and may be provided with pressure-gage K and glass indicator L. This receiver may be dispensed with altogether and the pumped water passed direct to my hydrodynamic device. In the particular case being described, however, I employ the receiver, because the hydrodynamic apparatus is more perfectly operated by this means.

To the ordinary rudder-post of the vessel M is attached a lever, N, (shownin Figs. 1, 2, and 3,) standing, preferably, at a right angle with the post, and vertically through this lever is constructed a slot, O, said slot running lengthwise with thelever. This lever N serves the ordinary purpose or" a tiller, by means of which the rudder is swung back and forth or held firmly in any desired position. Directly over o'r under the lever and in a line with its slot-in this case over-is located a cylinder,

. P, made of any suitable material to resist-high pressure-such as steel, brass, copper, white metal,&c.-said cylinder havingaslot,R, on its upper and lower sides. Inside of this cylinder is located a double-headed plunger or piston, S,

`its articulating surface suitably packed to prevent the water from passing and communicating. In each head of the plunger a hole or pocket, p, is bored toward the center, leaving` a solid wall, p', between the two extremities and in the center of the plunger. At or near the bottom of each pocket another hole is bored, at right angles tothe pocket, the two holes passing through the plungers upper half and communicating with the slot in the cylinder. Into each of these latter holes a pipe, Q, is inserted, said pipes being each provided with a suitable petcoek extending through the upper slot in the cylinder. Through the solid center' of the plunger I pass a rigid post, T, preferably steel, (shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3,) said post projecting downward through the lower slot in the cylinder and passing through the slot O (shown in Fig. 2) in the tiller or rudder post lever. It is obvious that if 'I desire to place the cylinder below the tiller it is only necessary to reverse it, bringing the petcocks on the under side and the post T on the upper, and passing said post up through the slot in the tiller.

In the pilot-house It', or atany other' convenient point, I locate a duplicate cylinder, plunger, petcocks, and driving-post; but instead of having a lever connected to the rudder-post I employ an arrow or indicator, o', pivotedin its center, with a slot at its tail to engage the driving-post r', its free point left to swing upon and over a special dial-plate marked ou opposite sides D and S for port and starboard. The two cylinders P P, the one in the pilothouse and the one connected with the rudder, have'open ends with threads cut upon them, or iianges, as in this case, for the purpose of connecting with the port and starboard circulating-conduits s s.

Having placed my apparatus in position, I

` connect the conduits. Thus one pipe, s, leads ses-,sav

from the port end of the sterncylinder to the port end of the bow-cylinder, and the other pipe, s', leads from the starboard end of the sterircylinder to the starboard end of the bowcylinder, the two double-headed pistons S S dividing the pipe-circuit into two distinct chambers, each chamber guarded near its connection with the bow-cylinder by a duplex valve, Y, which is so constructed (illustrated in Fig. 6) that when it is on the center it is closed and when off to port or starboard itis open. `At the bow end of the two circulating conduits I provide a compound valve, one for each conduit. OneIterm the port, and the other the starboard77 The outer end oi the casing of the valves is provided with two distinct openings, (shownin Fig. 7,) the upper opening, Z, being the supply and the lower opening, Z, the exhaust. The other end ofthe valve'casing is provided with but one opening, z, (see Fig. 7,) and connects with the circulating-conduit.

By reference to Figs. 4 and 5 it will be seen that the port compound valve has its supplyport o running from left to right, while the dotted lines or exhaust-port r/ ruus from right to left. Exactly the reverse is true ot' the starboard compound valve shown in Fig. 5. The upper pipe leads to the receiver, and the exhaust-pipe leads to the tank. Both the supplyy pipes may join and lead tothe receiver in conimon, and the same may be the case with the two exhaust-pipes.

It will readily be seen by reference to the drawings that the holes in the compound valves are drilled in such relation that when the valves stand square across both the supply and exhaust are closed. If moved to the left, the supply of the port is opened, while the exhaust remains closed, the supply of the starboard being closed and its exhaust opened.

To the stem of each of the compound valves is connected a lever, U, each extending back parallel with the circulating-conduit, and to each of the duplex valves is attached a similar lever, V, thus having four levers 0f equal lengths grouped parallel to each other: I connect the four levers by pivoting them to a cross-bar, XV, and to the center of the crossbar I pivot another lever, W, which in turn is pivoted to a fixed point below, terminating in a free handle to be grasped by the pilot or helmsman. As the exhaust-pipe returns to the tank from which the water was drawn by the pump, it will readily be seen that the water,

or oil, or glycerine and water, may be repeat-V edly used.

To make my invention more clearly understood, I will explain its operation, which is as follows: The steampump is started, and, drawing water from the. tank D, said water is forced into the receiver and accumulates under the air-cushion, compressing the air more and more until the reflex pressure from the receiver uponIthe pump-piston in pounds total is equal to the pounds total exerted by the steam against the steam-piston,when the pump ISO cease? :i

will stop, and will remain inactive until the pressure in the receiver-is relieved, when it will again exert itself to maintain the receiverpressure to the standard, thus becoming automatically operative. In starting my apparatus for the iirst time the pipes will be filled with air, and, as an elastic medium in my circulating-conduits would be objectionable for the purpose, the air must first be discharged. For this purpose the petcocks located at the extremities of the pockets in the plungers arc opened, and as soon as the air is all driven off (this determined by water ilowing from the cocks) the petcocks are closed and probably may not be required to be opened again. The pipes and conduits are now full of water, and as the water escapes from the receiver F under a high pressure it will contain no interstitial air, since the high pressure will effeetually squeeze it all out before leaving the receiver. Now, by swinging` the handled lever W" in the pilot-house to the port side, the supply-port of the port compound valve is opened and its exhaust remains closed, and the supply-port of the starboard compound valve remains closed while its exhaust is opened; at the same time the two duplex valves Y are opened. Thus the pressure and the water taken in at the port compound valve and reflected against the port ends of the bow and stern plungers move the plungers toward the starboard side, the pressure and the water giving way by means of thestarboard supply -port remaining closed and its exhaust opened. This motion drives the rudder to port and the arrow over the dial to port. Thus the handled lever, the arrow, and the rudder assume the same common direction. Now, if the handled lever be swung to starboard, the duplex valves are opened, the supply-port of the starboard compound valve is opened while its exhaust is closed, and the supply of the port compound valve is closed and its exhaust to starboard. Now, if it be desirable, which it certainly is, to the rudder in any one` position, we swing the handled lever to the center, and all the ports in all the valves are closed and the plungers are caught between the two lines of incompressible duid, remaining as xed as it' of integral steel.

Figs. 8 and 9 show my invention applied to tillers4 which connect with water-jets at the bow or stern oi' the vessel, or both, for the purpose of changing` the direction of the jet and thus guiding or maneuvering the vessel, this feature being fully described in another application, Serial No. 2st/1,519, led July 1G, 1887. It will readily be seen that a comparatively small doubleheaded plunger may. be employed, lfor if aplunger has only7 thirty square inches area and the receiver-pressure be live hundred pounds t'o the square inch the force against the tiller would be fifteen thousand pounds, while when locked by the closing of the valves no power could move it without bursting the conduits save the release of the water by the exhaust. As the quantity of water used to manipulate the plungers would be diminutive, a very small set of pipes would be employed, since the high pressure would force all the water. required through a Very small openingin a fraction of a seconds time. T hus the action would be prompt,easy, and effective. The same invention may be employed for many purposes besides guiding vessels. It would prove useful for opening and closing valves at a distance. When it is desirable to lock the valve,'inconipressible iluids may be used. I n cases where locking is unnecessary elastic tluids may be employed. It is evident that the bow-cylinder described, with its indicators, may be omitted in cases where it is not necessary to know the exact degree of direction or motion of the mechanism acted upon by the plunger described as attached to the 4 rudder orjet-tiller. The duplex valves would also be omitted in this latter case.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In mechanism for utilizing and control ling hydrodynamic forces, the combination, with a suitable pump, conduits connected therewith, and a plunger located in a casing or cylinder connected at both ends with the conduits, of a series of valves located in said conduits and adapted to be simultaneously actuated to equalize or vary the pressure on opposite ends of the plunger, and thereby retain it either in a stationary position at any point of its travel or aetuate itin either direction, substantially as set forth.

2. In mechanism for utilizing and controlling hydrodynamic forces, the combination, with a suitable pump, discharge-conduits connected therewith, and a plunger located ina cylinder or casing connected at both ends with said conduits, of valves located in the several conduits for governing supply and exhaust passages connecting with each end of the plunger, and means 'for simultaneously actuating said valves, substantially as set forth.

3. In mechanism for utilizing and controlling hydrodynamic forccs, the combination, with a suitable pump, a receiver, suitable conduits connected with the pump and receiver, and a plunger located in acylinder connected at its opposite ends with said conduits, of valves located in the conduits for equalizing or varying the pressure on opposite ends of the plunger, substantially as set forth.

4. In mechanism for utilizing and controlling hydrodynamic forces, the combination, with the t-iller of a vessel, ota plunger connected with the tiller, and a suitable pump, conduits, and a series of valves located in the conduits and adapted to be operated simultaneously for equalizing or Varying the pressure on opposite c nds of the plunger, and thereby move the tiller in either direction or hold it stationary at any point of its travel, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, with a Huid-cylinder TOO IZO

and means for constantly supplying this cylinder, of a double-headed plunger having pockets in each head and adapted to reciprocatein the cylinder, said cylinder having elongated slots formed therein between the heads of the plunger, and outlets leading from the pockets through the slots ofthe cylinder, substantially as set forth.

6 In a vessehthe co1nbination,witl1 a duidcyllnder, a pump, and a receiver containing air or other elastic mediu'm,Whercin the water 1s forced from the pump, of a double-headed plunger adapted to reciprocate in the cylinder, and a system of valves located in the conduits and connected, so as to be operated sim ul taueously, and adapted to vary and equalize the iuidpressure on bothheads ofthe plunger, substantially' as set forth.

7. The combination,with a cylinder having elongated slots therein, of a double headed plunger adapted to reciprocate therein, said plunger having pockets formed therein and conduits connected to the opposite ends of said cylinder, substantially as set forth.

8. The combinatiomwith a cylinder-having elongated slots therein,v of a double-headed plunger adapted to reciprocate therein,.said plunger having pockets formed therein and pipes leading'from the pockets through the slots iu the cylinder, substantially as set forth.

9. The coinbiuation,with a cylinder having slots therein extending lengthwise ofthe cylinder, of a doubleheaded plunger adapted to reciprocate therein, said plunger having pockets formed therein, pipes leading from the pockets through the slots in the cylinder, and a stem located in thc plunger and adapted to communicate motion to any connected mechanism, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

VALTER MARSH JACKSON.

fitnessesz GEO. T. GADEN, GEO. M. WARDEY. 

